Antarktike

Antarktike is the southernmost continent on Earth. It is almost entirely covered by a permanent ice sheet that averages 1.9 kilometers in thickness. The continent is also surrounded by the Southern Ocean, which is characterized by its frigid waters and strong currents.

The Antarctic ice sheet contains about 90% of the world's ice and 70% of the world's freshwater. If it were to melt completely, global sea levels would rise by approximately 60 meters. Despite its icy exterior, Antarctica is technically a desert, receiving very little precipitation.

Geologically, Antarctica is a landmass with mountains, volcanoes, and plains. The Transantarctic Mountains divide the continent into East Antarctica and West Antarctica. East Antarctica is a higher, more stable ice sheet, while West Antarctica is a more dynamic and vulnerable region.

Life in Antarctica is adapted to extreme cold. Penguins, seals, whales, and various seabirds are common inhabitants of the coastal areas and surrounding waters. Plant life is sparse, consisting mainly of mosses, lichens, and a few flowering plants.

Antarctica has no indigenous human population. However, numerous countries maintain scientific research stations on the continent. The Antarctic Treaty System, established in 1959, governs international activity in Antarctica, dedicating it to peace and scientific research. Tourism to Antarctica has also grown in recent decades.