Aminoglükosiidide

Aminoglykosidid are a class of antibiotics that are widely used in the treatment of bacterial infections. They are effective against a broad spectrum of Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Aminoglykosidid work by binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis and ultimately leading to bacterial cell death.

The most commonly used aminoglykosidid antibiotics include gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and streptomycin. These antibiotics are typically administered intravenously or intramuscularly. They are often used in combination with other antibiotics to enhance their effectiveness and to reduce the risk of bacterial resistance.

However, aminoglykosidid use is associated with several side effects, including nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neuromuscular blockade. These side effects can be mitigated by monitoring renal function, using appropriate dosing regimens, and avoiding concurrent use with other ototoxic or nephrotoxic drugs.

Resistance to aminoglykosidid antibiotics can develop over time, particularly in hospitals where these drugs are frequently used. This resistance is often due to the acquisition of specific mutations in the bacterial ribosome. To combat this, healthcare providers may use alternative antibiotics or employ strategies to reduce the selection pressure for resistance, such as limiting the duration of therapy and avoiding unnecessary use.