Ambispora

Ambispora is a genus of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi within the phylum Glomeromycota. Members form obligate mutualistic associations with the roots of many terrestrial plants, delivering soil nutrients—especially phosphorus—in exchange for carbon from the plant. In colonized roots they form arbuscules within cortical cells and, in some species, intracellular vesicles, contributing to nutrient exchange between plant and fungus.

Taxonomy and history: Ambispora was delineated from lineages formerly placed in Glomus based on distinct morphological traits and supported by molecular phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal RNA genes. It is part of the broader group of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that colonize plant roots and influence nutrient uptake and soil ecology.

Ecology and distribution: Ambispora species show wide geographic and habitat distribution and can associate with a diverse range of plant hosts, including agricultural crops, ornamentals, and native vegetation. They typically form extensive root colonization, aiding plant phosphate and micronutrient acquisition and contributing to soil structure through networks of hyphae.

Morphology and life cycle: Spores are soil-dwelling propagules that enable transmission of the lineage. Spore morphology within the genus ranges from subglobose to ellipsoid and may exhibit various wall textures. Like other glomeromycetous fungi, Ambispora propagules enable persistence and dispersal, while the fungal hyphae colonize roots and establish arbuscular structures in host cells.

Significance: As members of arbuscular mycorrhizal communities, Ambispora species contribute to plant nutrition, soil health, and ecosystem function. Research focuses on species delimitation, host range, and responses to soil conditions and fertilization regimes.