AlnicoMaterialien

Alnico is a family of permanent magnet alloys composed primarily of aluminum, nickel, and cobalt. The exact composition can vary, often including iron, and sometimes copper and titanium, to achieve specific magnetic properties. The name "Alnico" itself is a portmanteau of its main constituents. These alloys were developed in the 1920s and 1930s and were among the first strong permanent magnets discovered.

Alnico magnets are known for their excellent magnetic strength and their high coercivity, meaning they resist demagnetization. They also possess a high Curie temperature, allowing them to retain their magnetism at elevated temperatures, a property that distinguishes them from many other magnet materials. However, Alnico magnets have relatively low resistance to demagnetization by external magnetic fields compared to newer rare-earth magnets like neodymium magnets.

The production of Alnico magnets typically involves either a casting or a sintering process. Cast Alnico magnets are produced by melting the alloy and pouring it into a mold, which allows for complex shapes. Sintered Alnico magnets are made from a powder mixture that is pressed into shape and then heated below its melting point. Alnico magnets are widely used in a variety of applications, including loudspeakers, electric guitar pickups, motors, generators, relays, and magnetic separators. Their good magnetic properties at high temperatures make them suitable for demanding environments.