Allergéniques

Allergéniques refers to substances that can trigger an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals. These substances, known as allergens, are typically harmless to the majority of the population. The immune system of an allergic person mistakenly identifies these allergens as a threat and mounts an immune response. This response involves the production of antibodies, specifically IgE antibodies, which then bind to mast cells and basophils. Upon subsequent exposure to the allergen, these cells release chemicals like histamine, leading to the symptoms of an allergic reaction.

Common allergens can be found in a variety of sources. Food allergens are among the most prevalent and include items such as peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, soy, wheat, fish, and shellfish. Inhalant allergens, which are breathed in, include pollens from trees, grasses, and weeds, as well as dust mites, mold spores, and animal dander. Contact allergens, responsible for allergic contact dermatitis, are substances that come into direct contact with the skin, such as certain metals (like nickel), fragrances, preservatives, and latex. Insect venom, from stings or bites, can also be a potent allergen.

The severity of reactions to allergéniques can vary widely, from mild symptoms like itching, hives, and sneezing to severe, life-threatening anaphylaxis, which can involve difficulty breathing, a drop in blood pressure, and loss of consciousness. Identifying and avoiding exposure to known allergens is the primary strategy for managing allergies. Diagnostic tests, such as skin prick tests and blood tests, can help pinpoint specific allergens.