Alkalikathoden

Alkalikathoden, also known as alkaline cathodes, are electrodes used in electrochemical cells, particularly in alkaline batteries and some fuel cells. These cathodes are designed to operate in an alkaline electrolyte, typically a solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The selection of cathode material is crucial for the performance of these devices, influencing factors like voltage, current density, and lifespan.

Common materials for alkalikathoden include metal oxides, such as manganese dioxide (MnO2) in alkaline zinc-carbon batteries and nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) in nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries. In some advanced applications, such as certain types of fuel cells, more complex metal oxides or perovskite structures are employed to achieve higher catalytic activity and stability in alkaline environments. The electrochemical reactions occurring at the alkalikathoden involve the reduction of an oxidizing species present in the electrolyte or on the cathode material itself.

The efficiency and longevity of an alkalikathoden are influenced by several factors, including the material's intrinsic properties, its surface area, porosity, and the purity of the electrolyte. Degradation mechanisms can involve dissolution of active materials, passivation of the electrode surface, or structural changes over time. Research in this area focuses on developing novel cathode materials with improved electrochemical performance, increased energy density, and enhanced durability for a wide range of applications.