Aliyah

Aliyah is a Hebrew term meaning “ascent” or “going up.” In Jewish usage, it has two main senses: an individual’s honor of being called to read from the Torah during worship (aliyah la-Torah) and the broader religious idea of Jews returning to or moving toward the Land of Israel.

In synagogue practice, an aliyah designates the honored reader who is called to begin the Torah portion, reciting blessings before and after the reading. The portion is divided into multiple aliyot, and additional aliyot are added for holidays and special occasions. The term emphasizes the ceremonial elevation of the reader and the communal participation in Torah study.

In modern usage, aliyah refers to Jewish immigration to Israel, often described as a return to the Jewish homeland. It is supported by the Law of Return, which provides eligibility for Israeli citizenship to Jews and certain related people. Since the late 19th century, waves of aliyah have shaped Israel’s demographics and political development, spanning early Zionist settlement to later mass migrations from diverse regions.

The Hebrew terms oleh (male) and olah (female) refer to a person who has made aliyah, with plural forms olim orolim. The concept also appears in religious and cultural discourse beyond immigration, reflecting themes of ascent, belonging, and communal obligation.

Overall, aliyah sits at the intersection of Jewish liturgy, national identity, and Israel’s immigration framework, with both ceremonial and historical significance.