Akseptoratomene

Akseptoratomene, or acceptor atoms, are atoms that can accept electron density from a donor in chemical interactions. In Lewis acid–base theory they function as Lewis acids, accepting an electron pair from a Lewis base. They also act as hydrogen-bond acceptors, where a lone pair on the atom accepts a hydrogen atom attached to a donor. Akseptoratomene thus participate in a range of non-covalent and covalent interactions that organize molecules and influence reactivity.

Within coordination and organometallic chemistry, akseptoratomene include metal centers or atoms with vacant orbitals that coordinate donor ligands such as amines, phosphines, carbon monoxide, or halides. The strength of an acceptor atom is influenced by electronegativity, orbital energy, polarizability, and steric environment; it may be quantified using binding constants or, for Lewis acids, acceptor numbers in methods such as the Gutmann–Beckett approach.

Common examples include carbonyl oxygen in ketones and amides, pyridinic nitrogen, nitrile nitrogen, and metal centers in coordination compounds. In non-covalent interactions, acceptor atoms facilitate charge-transfer complexes, supramolecular assemblies, and catalysis by stabilizing donor electrons and enabling back-donation to π-acceptors. The concept helps explain and predict how donors and acceptors interact to shape molecular structure and electronic properties in chemistry and materials science.