Ajendanud

Ajendanud is a past active participle of the Estonian verb ajendama, meaning to spur, urge, or propel. It functions in modern Estonian as an attributive or predicative participle that expresses that someone has caused another person to act. In English it can be rendered as “having urged” or “having prompted.” The participle is formed from the verb stem ajend- plus the suffix -anud, and it agrees with the noun it modifies in number, but not in gender, as Estonian adjectives do.

In usage, ajendanud typically appears with auxiliary be ( olema) to indicate perfect aspect, for example: Ta on ajendanud mind õppima. This sentence means “He has urged me to study.” The form is also used in longer subordinate clauses to explain causation or motivation behind a subsequent action. The word is common in written Estonian, especially in formal contexts, policy documents, or literature, and is less frequent in casual speech.

Etymology traces to the verb ajendama, meaning to spur or motivate, which derives from ajend ‘motive’ or ‘incentive’ and is related to other terms denoting drive or impetus. Related forms include ajend and ajendama, with ajendanud being one of the standard past participle formations in Estonian.

See also: Estonian grammar; ajendama; participles.