Aiheuttamalla

Aiheuttamalla is the present adverbial participle (gerund) of the Finnish verb aiheuttaa, meaning to cause or to provoke. It denotes the means or method by which an action occurs and is typically translated into English as “by causing” or “through causing.” The form is non-finite and does not express person, number, or tense.

Formation and grammar: Aiheuttamalla is formed by adding the suffix -malla to the stem of the verb aiheuttaa, producing a non-finite participle that indicates manner or means. As an adverbial participle, it can connect clauses to show causation or a resultant process, and it often appears in formal or descriptive prose to explain how something happens rather than who performs the action.

Usage: The gerund is commonly found in scientific, technical, and academic Finnish, where a process or mechanism is described. It can introduce information about how an outcome is achieved or what causes a certain state, and it can function inside noun phrases or in clauses alongside finite verbs. In usage, aiheuttamalla emphasizes the act of causing as a means rather than focusing solely on the final effect.

Relation to other forms: Aiheuttamalla is part of a broader system of adverbial participles in Finnish, such as -malla/-mällä forms derived from other verbs like tekemällä (by doing). These forms share the same grammatical category and are used to express means, method, or circumstance in a non-finite way. The finite verb form aiheuttaa (to cause) serves as the main predicate, while aiheuttamalla provides the instrumental or causal background.

See also: aiheuttaa, gerundium, adverbial participle, Finnish grammar.