Agroforestería

Agroforestería is a land-use system that integrates trees and shrubs into farming and grazing lands. It is a practice that combines agricultural crops or livestock with trees on the same land, aiming to create a more sustainable and diversified system. This integration can take many forms, such as planting trees in rows between crops (alley cropping), incorporating trees into pastures (silvopasture), or establishing forest patches within agricultural landscapes (agrisilviculture).

The benefits of agroforestry are numerous. It can improve soil health by increasing organic matter, reducing erosion, and enhancing nutrient cycling. Trees provide shade and windbreaks, which can protect crops and livestock from adverse weather conditions. They also contribute to biodiversity by offering habitat and food sources for wildlife. Furthermore, agroforestry systems can diversify farm income through the production of timber, fruit, nuts, fuelwood, and other tree products, in addition to the main agricultural or livestock products.

From an environmental perspective, agroforestry plays a role in carbon sequestration, helping to mitigate climate change. It can also improve water management by increasing infiltration and reducing runoff. Socially, agroforestry can enhance food security, provide employment opportunities, and empower local communities. Economically, it can lead to increased resilience and profitability for farmers by spreading risks and generating multiple revenue streams. Various traditional and modern agroforestry practices exist worldwide, adapted to different climates and socio-economic contexts.