AfroUruguayan

AfroUruguayan refers to Uruguayans of African descent, including descendants of enslaved Africans brought to the region during the colonial era and, more recently, immigrants from Africa or people of mixed heritage with African ancestry. The term encompasses a range of identities and cultural backgrounds within Uruguay.

Historically, Africans arrived in Uruguay in significant numbers in the 18th and 19th centuries as enslaved laborers in the Rio de la Plata area. Slavery in the region was gradually abolished in the 19th century, and Afro-Uruguayan communities developed in urban and coastal areas, especially in Montevideo. Over time, these communities contributed to urban culture and social life, shaping music, religion, and rituals that persist today.

Candombe is the most prominent Afro-Uruguayan cultural expression. Rooted in West and Central African traditions, it features drum ensembles (tamboriles) and distinctive dances that are central to Montevideo’s carnival and other celebrations. Candombe and related practices, along with Afro-Uruguayan musical and religious traditions, have become important symbols of national cultural diversity and were recognized by UNESCO as part of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity.

Demographically, official data on race in Uruguay are limited, and estimates of Afro-Uruguayan populations vary. Afro-Uruguayan communities are concentrated in Montevideo, with historic neighborhoods such as Barrio Sur playing a key role in cultural life. Contemporary issues include ongoing efforts to address social and economic disparities and to promote recognition and inclusion within the broader Uruguayan society.