Adsorpní

Adsorpní is a Czech adjective used to describe processes, materials, and phenomena related to adsorption, the adhesion of atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas or liquid to a solid surface. In contrast to absorption, where a substance penetrates or is distributed within the volume of another phase, adsorption involves surface attachment.

Two main mechanisms are recognized: physisorption, driven by weak van der Waals forces, and chemisorption, involving stronger chemical bonds. The term adsorpní can refer to the process itself or to properties of an adsorbent, such as its adsorpní capacity.

Factors influencing adsorption include the available surface area and porosity of the solid, temperature, pressure, and the concentration of the adsorbate, as well as the presence of competing species on the surface.

Common adsorbents include activated carbon, silica gel, alumina, zeolites, and various polymers. These materials are widely used in water and air purification, gas separations, catalysis (as supports for active phases), chromatography, and sensing technologies.

Adsorption data are analyzed using isotherms and kinetic models. Isotherms such as Langmuir and Freundlich describe equilibrium, while the BET method estimates surface area. Kinetic models, including pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations, describe rate behavior. Results are often reported as adsorption capacity q_e (mass of adsorbate per mass of adsorbent) and surface area (m2/g).

Overall, adsorpní concepts form a central part of surface chemistry, environmental engineering, and materials science.