Acetylchlorid

Acetylchlorid, also known as acetyl chloride, is an acyl halide with the chemical formula CH₃COCl. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent, acrid odor. It is highly reactive and a strong acetylating agent. Acetyl chloride is synthesized by reacting acetic acid with chlorinating agents such as thionyl chloride, phosphorus trichloride, or phosphorus pentachloride.

Due to its reactivity, acetyl chloride readily undergoes hydrolysis upon contact with water, producing acetic acid and hydrochloric acid. This reaction is exothermic and releases corrosive fumes. It also reacts vigorously with alcohols to form esters and with amines to form amides. These reactions are important in organic synthesis for the introduction of the acetyl group.

Acetyl chloride is used as an intermediate in the production of various organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals, dyes, and perfumes. It is also employed in acetylation reactions in the laboratory. Due to its corrosive nature and the toxic fumes it releases, it must be handled with extreme care in a well-ventilated area and with appropriate protective equipment. It is sensitive to moisture and should be stored in tightly sealed containers.