Acetabulära

Acetabulära is an anatomical term that refers to the acetabulum, the cup-shaped socket of the hip joint. In practice, the plural form is used when discussing both hip sockets or when describing the region in comparative anatomy.

Each acetabulum is formed by the fusion of parts of the three pelvic bones: the ilium, the ischium, and the pubis. The articular surface, or lunate surface, is covered with hyaline cartilage and accommodates the femoral head. The acetabular notch at the inferior border is bridged by the transverse acetabular ligament. The rim surrounding the socket is thickened by the acetabular labrum, a fibrocartilaginous structure that deepens the socket and helps seal the joint. The acetabular fossa, within the cavity, contains fat and a tenuous ligament (ligamentum teres) that has limited load-bearing value in adults.

The acetabula are oriented laterally and somewhat anteriorly, with depth and orientation varying among species and individuals. In humans and many other tetrapods, there are two acetabula, one on each side of the pelvis. Variation in depth, orientation, and coverage of the femoral head can influence hip stability and range of motion.

Clinically, the acetabulum is involved in conditions such as acetabular dysplasia, acetabular fractures, and protrusio acetabuli. Labral tears and osteoarthritis can stem from abnormal coverage or repetitive stress. Imaging (X-ray, CT, MRI) assesses acetabular anatomy and pathology, guiding treatment such as osteotomies or arthroplasty when needed.

Etymology: acetabulum means “little vinegar cup” in Latin; acetabular is the corresponding adjectival form.