Absorptiokylmälaitteet

Absorptiokylmälaitteet, also known as absorption chillers, are refrigeration devices that utilize an absorption process to produce cooling. Unlike compression refrigeration systems that rely on mechanical compressors, absorption chillers use heat as their primary energy source. This makes them particularly well-suited for applications where waste heat is available, such as from industrial processes or solar thermal systems.

The core of an absorption chiller consists of several key components: an evaporator, an absorber, a generator, and a condenser. A refrigerant, typically water or ammonia, is used in conjunction with an absorbent, commonly lithium bromide or water. The refrigeration cycle begins in the evaporator, where the refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates, thus producing a cooling effect. This low-pressure refrigerant vapor then flows to the absorber, where it is absorbed by the absorbent solution.

The absorbent solution, now rich in refrigerant, is pumped to the generator. Here, a heat source is applied, causing the refrigerant to boil and separate from the absorbent. The refrigerant vapor then travels to the condenser, where it is cooled and condensed back into a liquid. This liquid refrigerant is then returned to the evaporator, completing the cycle. The absorbent, now lean in refrigerant, is also returned to the absorber, ready to absorb more refrigerant vapor. This continuous absorption and regeneration process allows for efficient and continuous cooling without the need for a mechanical compressor.