ATGs

ATGs refers to Adenosine Triphosphate-binding cassette transporters. These are a large and diverse superfamily of integral membrane proteins found in all types of organisms, from bacteria to humans. Their primary function is to transport a wide variety of substrates across cellular membranes. This transport is powered by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), hence the name. ATGs can act as efflux pumps, moving molecules out of the cell, or as importers, bringing molecules into the cell.

The substrates transported by ATGs are diverse and include small molecules like ions, amino acids, and sugars, as well as larger molecules such as peptides and even drugs. This broad range of transported substances highlights the essential role of ATGs in cellular homeostasis, nutrient uptake, waste removal, and detoxification. In humans, mutations or dysregulation of certain ATGs have been implicated in various diseases, including cystic fibrosis, certain types of cancer, and multidrug resistance in chemotherapy. The specific function of an ATG is determined by its unique amino acid sequence and the specific substrate it binds to. Research continues to explore the complex roles and potential therapeutic applications of these important membrane proteins.