ALK7

ALK7, also known as ACVR1C, is a type I receptor serine/threonine kinase of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily. It is encoded by the ACVR1C gene in humans and belongs to the activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) family. ALK7 forms a signaling complex with type II receptors upon ligand binding; the activated type II receptor phosphorylates the GS domain of ALK7, initiating SMAD2/3 signaling that regulates transcription.

Ligands that activate ALK7 include Nodal and growth differentiation factor 3 (GDF-3) in certain tissues; other activin/Nodal family ligands may also engage ALK7 depending on the cellular context and co-receptors. Expression of ACVR1C is observed in multiple tissues, with notable levels in adipose tissue, brain, and pancreas.

Functionally, ALK7 participates in embryonic development and in adult tissue homeostasis, including roles in metabolism and energy balance suggested by studies in animals. Genetic or functional disruption of ALK7 signaling can produce developmental or metabolic phenotypes in model systems, highlighting its biological significance.

Clinical research has examined ALK7 as a potential therapeutic target for obesity, insulin resistance, and related metabolic disorders, reflecting its involvement in adipocyte function and energy metabolism. Related pathways include TGF-β signaling and other ALK receptors, such as ALK4 and ALK5.