ADPreceptors

ADPreceptors, also known as adrenoceptors or adrenergic receptors, are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of the catecholamines, especially norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline). These receptors are primarily located on the membranes of cells that respond to adrenergic neurotransmitters and hormones. The activation of ADPreceptors by these ligands triggers a cascade of intracellular events that modulate various physiological processes.

There are two main families of ADPreceptors: alpha (α) and beta (β). Each family is further subdivided into subtypes. Alpha receptors include α1 and α2 subtypes, while beta receptors include β1, β2, and β3 subtypes. The specific subtype of ADPreceptor present on a cell determines the cellular response to adrenergic stimulation. For example, β1 receptors are predominantly found in the heart and increase heart rate and contractility, whereas β2 receptors are found in smooth muscle of the airways and cause bronchodilation.

ADPreceptors play crucial roles in regulating a wide array of bodily functions. These include the control of blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, metabolism, and mood. They are integral to the "fight-or-flight" response mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. Drugs targeting ADPreceptors are widely used in medicine to treat conditions such as hypertension, asthma, heart failure, and glaucoma. Understanding the distribution and function of different ADPreceptor subtypes is essential for developing effective pharmacological treatments.