ACAT1ACAT2

ACAT1ACAT2 refers to the genes encoding acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferases 1 and 2. These enzymes are crucial for cholesterol metabolism within cells. They catalyze the esterification of cholesterol, a process where cholesterol is combined with a fatty acid. This esterified cholesterol is then stored in lipid droplets within the cell.

ACAT1, also known as SOAT1 (sterol O-acyltransferase 1), is widely distributed throughout the body and plays a role in various cellular processes, including lipoprotein metabolism, steroidogenesis, and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. ACAT2, also known as SOAT2, is primarily found in the liver and intestine, where it is involved in the absorption and transport of dietary cholesterol.

The activity of ACAT enzymes is tightly regulated and influenced by cellular cholesterol levels. When intracellular cholesterol levels rise, ACAT activity increases, leading to cholesterol esterification and storage. Conversely, when cholesterol levels fall, ACAT activity decreases.

Dysregulation of ACAT1 or ACAT2 activity has been implicated in a number of diseases, including atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and certain types of cancer. Consequently, ACAT enzymes have become targets for therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating cholesterol metabolism.