640×512

640×512 refers to a digital image or video resolution defined by a width of 640 pixels and a height of 512 pixels. This yields 327,680 total pixels and an aspect ratio of 5:4, meaning the image is slightly wider than tall compared with common 4:3 formats.

For color images, the memory footprint depends on color depth. At 24-bit color (8 bits per channel), a full frame would require about 0.94 megabytes, while 32-bit color with an alpha channel would be about 1.25 megabytes. A grayscale image at 8-bit depth would occupy about 0.32 megabytes. The actual file size also depends on compression when stored in formats such as JPEG, PNG, or TIFF.

Historically and in specialized contexts, 640×512 is not a standard display mode in major PC ecosystems like VGA, which commonly used 640×480. It has appeared in image-sensing, scanning, or texture storage within early 3D pipelines and other workflows where the 5:4 aspect ratio aligned with certain sensors or asset pipelines. It can be used for textures in 3D graphics or for scanned documents and medical imagery that employ a 5:4 footprint.

On modern displays with different aspect ratios, 640×512 is typically letterboxed or cropped to fit. When converting to standard widescreen or square-pixel displays, it is common to preserve aspect ratio by padding to 4:3 or cropping to another target aspect ratio.