4hydroxyvaleric

4-Hydroxyvaleric acid, also known as 4-hydroxypentanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid with the chemical formula C5H10O3. It is a chiral molecule, meaning it exists as two stereoisomers, (R)-4-hydroxyvaleric acid and (S)-4-hydroxyvaleric acid, as well as a racemic mixture. This compound is a derivative of valeric acid, where a hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached to the fourth carbon atom.

4-Hydroxyvaleric acid is a colorless liquid or solid depending on its purity and temperature. It is soluble in water and various organic solvents. Its chemical properties are characteristic of both a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, allowing it to undergo reactions such as esterification and oxidation.

Naturally occurring forms of 4-hydroxyvaleric acid can be found as metabolic intermediates in certain biological pathways. It can be produced through the microbial fermentation of certain sugars or other organic substrates. In industrial settings, it can be synthesized through various chemical routes, often involving the reduction of 4-oxovaleric acid or the hydrolysis of corresponding esters.

The applications of 4-hydroxyvaleric acid are diverse. It serves as a building block in the synthesis of polymers, particularly polyesters, which find use in biodegradable plastics and coatings. It is also employed as a precursor in the production of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. Research continues into its potential uses in various chemical and biotechnological fields.