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The number 490,000,000,000 (four hundred ninety billion) is a large integer that appears in various scientific, economic, and mathematical contexts. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.9 × 10¹¹, representing 4.9 followed by eleven zeros. This figure is significant in fields such as astronomy, finance, and population studies.

In astronomy, 490 billion is often referenced in discussions about cosmic distances and scales. For example, the observable universe is estimated to contain roughly this many galaxies, though exact counts vary due to observational limitations. Additionally, some estimates of the total number of stars in the observable universe fall within this range, though more precise figures often exceed 1 trillion.

Economically, 490 billion may represent substantial financial figures, such as national budgets, corporate valuations, or debt levels. For instance, certain countries' annual defense expenditures or healthcare spending can approach this magnitude. It also appears in discussions about global GDP contributions, where individual industries or sectors may account for hundreds of billions annually.

In population studies, 490 billion is far beyond current global human population estimates, which stand at around 8 billion as of recent data. However, it serves as a useful benchmark for hypothetical scenarios or comparisons in demographic modeling.

Mathematically, 490,000,000,000 is a composite number, meaning it has divisors other than one and itself. Its prime factorization includes factors such as 2, 3, 5, and others, reflecting its role in number theory and computational mathematics. The number is also used in educational contexts to illustrate concepts like place value, large-scale estimation, and exponential growth.