3DOberflächenkennwerte

3D-Oberflächenkennwerte are quantitative descriptors that describe the geometry of surfaces in three dimensions. They are derived from digital 3D data such as point clouds, polygon meshes or CAD models, or from measured topographies, and serve to compare, assess quality and characterize texture, roughness and form of components, materials, or virtual objects.

Common types include areal surface roughness parameters according to ISO 25178, such as Sa (arithmetical mean roughness), Sq (root mean square roughness), Sz (max peak-to-valley height), Sdr (developed interfacial area ratio) and Str (texture aspect ratio). In addition, curvature-based metrics describe the surface in terms of mean curvature, Gaussian curvature and principal curvatures, while distributions of these values provide insight into topography. Other descriptors capture texture direction, anisotropy and, in some contexts, fractal dimension of the surface.

Calculation typically uses 3D data by preprocessing (noise reduction, hole filling) and surface reconstruction, followed by regional or per-point analysis. Methods may involve filtering, normal estimation, and computation of local or areal statistics over defined zones or cells, enabling robust aggregation of Kennwerte.

Applications span manufacturing and quality control, tribology and surface engineering, simulation of contact mechanics, and haptic rendering in computer graphics and virtual reality. In material science, 3D surface descriptors support characterizing wear, coating performance and surface treatments.

Challenges include ensuring comparability across measurement platforms, managing scale and sampling density, and handling noise or outliers. When applied carefully, 3D-Oberflächenkennwerte provide a structured, quantitative basis for assessing and communicating surface states in design, production and research.