2oxoglutaratabhängige

2-oxoglutaratabhängige refers to enzymes that require 2-oxoglutarate as a cofactor for their activity. 2-oxoglutarate, also known as alpha-ketoglutarate, is a key intermediate in the citric acid cycle and plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism. These enzymes are often involved in various biochemical processes, including amino acid metabolism, DNA repair, and epigenetic regulation.

A prominent class of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent enzymes are the dioxygenases. These enzymes utilize molecular oxygen and 2-oxoglutarate to catalyze the hydroxylation or other oxidative modifications of their substrates. Examples include prolyl hydroxylases, which are essential for collagen synthesis and are involved in oxygen sensing, and factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factors (FIH), which regulate the response to low oxygen conditions.

Another important group are the Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases, which are involved in a wide array of biological functions. These include enzymes that play roles in neurotransmitter synthesis, histone modification, and the production of secondary metabolites. The catalytic mechanism typically involves the coordination of Fe(II) by 2-oxoglutarate and the substrate, leading to the activation of oxygen.

The study of 2-oxoglutaratabhängige enzymes is significant for understanding fundamental biological processes and has implications for various diseases, including cancer, metabolic disorders, and neurological conditions. Their unique catalytic properties make them attractive targets for therapeutic interventions.