2methylpropionic

2-methylpropionic acid, also known as isobutyric acid, is a carboxylic acid with the chemical formula C4H8O2. It is the alpha-methyl derivative of propionic acid, having a four-carbon skeleton with a methyl substituent at the second carbon: CH3-CH(CH3)-COOH. Its systematic IUPAC name is 2-methylpropanoic acid.

In appearance it is a colorless liquid with a sharp, characteristic odor. It is a weak carboxylic acid and forms salts with bases. The corresponding esters, such as isobutyl esters, are widely used in the fragrance and flavor industry and as intermediates in organic synthesis. Industrial production typically involves oxidation of isobutyl derivatives (for example, isobutanol or isobutanal) derived from isobutane, or other pathways that convert low-valent carbon fragments to the carboxylate.

Applications of 2-methylpropionic acid center on its role as a versatile building block. It serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of esters, polymers, and specialty chemicals. Isobutyric acid esters are valued in flavors and fragrances for their fruity or creamy notes. The acid can also undergo typical carboxylic acid reactions, including esterification, amidation, and reduction to primary alcohols or aldehydes under appropriate conditions.

Safety considerations include its status as a corrosive, irritant chemical. Handling requires appropriate personal protective equipment to avoid skin, eye, or respiratory exposure. It should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from bases and oxidizers.