2Propenamide

2-Propenamide, commonly known as acrylamide, is an organic compound with the formula C3H5NO. It is an amide of acrylic acid and contains a vinyl group, giving the structure CH2=CH-CO-NH2. Acrylamide is a colorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and readily participates in radical-initiated polymerizations.

Production and handling: Industrially, acrylamide is primarily produced by the hydration of acrylonitrile in the presence of catalysts and acid, followed by purification. In manufacturing and storage, inhibitors are added to the monomer to prevent premature polymerization. Acrylamide can also form as a byproduct in some processes that involve acrylates or nitriles.

Applications: Acrylamide serves as the principal monomer for polyacrylamide polymers. These polymers are widely used as flocculants in water treatment, as thickeners in paper and cosmetic products, and as components of gels and networks for electrophoresis and chromatography. Polyacrylamide gels are essential tools in molecular biology, while industrial polyacrylamides find use in soil stabilization and other engineering applications.

Safety and hazards: Acrylamide is toxic by inhalation and ingestion and is recognized for neurotoxic effects. It is considered a potential carcinogen by several health agencies, and exposure should be minimized. Proper handling includes use of personal protective equipment and storage under conditions that minimize the risk of unintended polymerization. In foods, acrylamide can form at high temperatures in carbohydrate-rich products, prompting food safety research and mitigation efforts.