23dihydroxybutandiosyre

2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid is a four-carbon organic acid characterized by the presence of hydroxyl groups on both the second and third carbon atoms. Its chemical formula is C4H8O4. This molecule is a stereoisomer, meaning it can exist in different spatial arrangements. Specifically, due to the two chiral centers at the second and third carbon atoms, there are four possible stereoisomers: (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid, (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid, (2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid, and (2S,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid. The meso form, (2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid, is achiral despite having chiral centers due to an internal plane of symmetry.

2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid can be considered a derivative of butanoic acid, also known as butyric acid. The addition of the two hydroxyl groups significantly alters its chemical properties, increasing its polarity and water solubility. It can participate in reactions typical of both carboxylic acids and alcohols. For instance, the carboxyl group can undergo esterification or salt formation, while the hydroxyl groups can be oxidized or involved in ether formation. The specific stereochemistry can influence its reactivity and interactions with other chiral molecules, such as enzymes. Research into the synthesis and properties of these stereoisomers is ongoing, with potential applications in various fields of chemistry and biochemistry.