220V

220V is a nominal AC electrical voltage used for power distribution in many countries. In practice, the term commonly refers to a range around 230V, with 220–240V commonly acceptable for most equipment. The exact value is specified by regional standards and may vary slightly over time.

In residential single-phase networks, the voltage between live and neutral is typically around 220–240V, and the frequency is usually 50 Hz; some regions operate at 60 Hz. In three-phase systems, line-to-line voltages are commonly about 380–400V, with line-to-neutral voltages around 220–230V.

Equipment is rated for a voltage range. Devices labeled 220–240V tolerate standard fluctuations, but devices designed for 110–120V or other voltages require transformers or converters. Electrical plugs, sockets, and protection devices vary by country, making compatibility an important safety consideration.

Regional practice has evolved toward standardization: many countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania use a nominal 230V system; some older installations may show voltages closer to 220V. The 220V designation remains common in casual use to describe the region’s mains voltage, even as specifications commonly cite 230V nominal.