1phosphoglyceric

1-Phosphoglyceric acid, often abbreviated as 1PG or PG-1, is a phosphorylated carbohydrate molecule. It is a key intermediate in several metabolic pathways, most notably glycolysis and the Calvin cycle. In glycolysis, 1-phosphoglyceric acid is formed from 2-phosphoglyceric acid during the conversion of glucose to pyruvate. This step is catalyzed by the enzyme enolase. Subsequently, 1-phosphoglyceric acid is converted to 3-phosphoglyceric acid by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase, with the production of ATP.

In plants and some bacteria, 1-phosphoglyceric acid plays a crucial role in photosynthesis, specifically in the Calvin cycle. Here, it is synthesized from ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate and carbon dioxide, catalyzed by the enzyme RuBisCO. This molecule then proceeds through a series of reactions to ultimately regenerate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate and produce sugars. The structure of 1-phosphoglyceric acid consists of a three-carbon backbone with a phosphate group attached to the first carbon and a carboxyl group at the third carbon. Its chemical formula is C3H7O7P. The presence of the phosphate group makes it a relatively polar molecule.