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The 1870-1880 decade, also known as the 1870s, was a period of significant change and transition in the world. It began with the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War, which ended the Second French Empire and led to the establishment of the Third French Republic. The war also marked the beginning of the German Empire, which would dominate European politics for the next century.

In the United States, the decade was characterized by the Reconstruction era, as the country sought to reintegrate the former Confederate states into the Union. The decade also saw the rise of industrialization and urbanization, as well as the growth of labor movements and social reforms.

In Europe, the decade was marked by the rise of nationalism and the growth of imperialism. The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 was a significant event, as it established the rules for the division of Africa among European powers.

In science and technology, the decade saw significant advancements, including the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. The decade also saw the publication of Charles Darwin's "On the Origin of Species," which had a profound impact on scientific thought and the understanding of evolution.

Overall, the 1870-1880 decade was a period of significant change and transition, as societies around the world grappled with the challenges of industrialization, nationalism, and imperialism. It was also a time of significant scientific and technological advancements, which would shape the world in the decades to come.