18581913

18581913 refers to the historical span from 1858 to 1913. This period covers the late 19th century and the early 20th century and is often cited as a transitional era in world history. It encompasses rapid industrialization, urbanization, and the expansion of global commerce and communication networks that accompanied the Second Industrial Revolution. Technological advances such as electric light, the telephone, improved rail and ship propulsion, and new manufacturing techniques transformed economies and daily life.

In science and culture, the era saw continued development of evolutionary theory, advances in physics and chemistry, and the emergence of new artistic movements. Realism, Impressionism, Symbolism, and the early stirrings of Modernism influenced literature, painting, architecture, and music. Educational reform, social welfare initiatives, and expanding access to literacy contributed to shifting social norms and urban growth.

Politically, the period featured imperial expansion and competition among major powers, along with reform movements, national integration efforts, and evolving governance structures. Nationalism and movements for suffrage and workers’ rights gained momentum in various regions. The year 1913 marks the eve of upheaval in Europe and the broader world, with the Balkan Wars and rising tensions that would culminate in World War I a year later.

As a historical designation, 1858–1913 functions as a concise framework for analyzing industrialization’s effects, the modernization of states, cultural transformation, and the prewar geopolitics that shaped the early 20th century.