1433proteiineilla

1433proteiineilla is a term that refers to the family of 14-3-3 proteins. These proteins are a highly conserved class of regulatory molecules found in all eukaryotic organisms, from yeast to humans. They are named for their discovery in extracts of cow brain (14th fraction, 33rd spot) during early protein separation experiments.

The primary function of 14-3-3 proteins is to bind to phosphorylated serine or threonine residues on target proteins. This binding is highly specific and can regulate a wide range of cellular processes. By interacting with their targets, 14-3-3 proteins can influence protein localization, modulate protein activity, promote or inhibit protein degradation, and facilitate protein-protein interactions.

This versatile binding capability allows 14-3-3 proteins to play critical roles in numerous cellular pathways, including signal transduction, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, metabolism, and transcriptional regulation. There are seven known isoforms in mammals (14-3-3 beta, gamma, epsilon, zeta, eta, sigma, and theta), each with slightly different expression patterns and potentially distinct functions, although they share significant functional overlap. Dysregulation of 14-3-3 protein function has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndromes, highlighting their importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis.