12propanedioli

1,2-Propanediol, also known as propylene glycol, is a synthetic organic compound with the chemical formula C3H8O2. It is a viscous, colorless, and nearly odorless liquid that is hygroscopic and miscible with a wide range of solvents, including water, acetone, and chloroform. Its structure consists of a three-carbon chain with hydroxyl groups attached to the first and second carbon atoms.

Industrially, 1,2-propanediol is primarily produced through the hydration of propylene oxide. This process involves reacting propylene oxide with water under controlled conditions, typically at elevated temperatures and pressures, often with an acid catalyst.

1,2-Propanediol has a diverse range of applications. It is widely used as a humectant, solvent, and preservative in cosmetics, personal care products, and pharmaceuticals. In the food industry, it serves as a food additive (E1520) and is used as a solvent for flavors and colors. It also finds use in the production of unsaturated polyester resins, as a component in antifreeze and de-icing fluids, and as a plasticizer. Due to its low toxicity, it is generally considered safe for consumption and topical application within regulated limits.