11propanediol

1,2-Propanediol, also known as propylene glycol, is a synthetic organic compound with the chemical formula C3H8O2. It is a viscous, colorless, nearly odorless liquid that is hygroscopic and miscible with a wide range of solvents, including water, acetone, and chloroform. Its chemical structure consists of a three-carbon chain with hydroxyl groups attached to the first and second carbon atoms.

Propylene glycol is produced industrially through the hydration of propylene oxide. This process involves reacting propylene oxide with water under elevated temperatures and pressures. The resulting product is then purified to meet various commercial grades depending on its intended application.

The compound finds widespread use in numerous industries due to its properties. It serves as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in food products, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. In the food industry, it is used as a carrier for flavors and colors, and to maintain moisture in baked goods and confections. In cosmetics, it helps to retain moisture and improve the texture of lotions and creams. As a pharmaceutical excipient, it is used in oral, topical, and injectable formulations.

Beyond personal care and food applications, propylene glycol is also utilized in the manufacturing of polyester resins, antifreeze, and de-icing fluids. Its low freezing point and ability to absorb water make it effective in these applications. While generally recognized as safe for consumption and topical use in approved concentrations, its use and safety are subject to regulatory guidelines in different regions.