õlaartroplastika

Shoulder arthroplasty, also known as total shoulder replacement, is a surgical procedure to replace the damaged parts of the shoulder joint with artificial components. This operation is typically performed to relieve pain and restore function in shoulders severely affected by arthritis, such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, or due to complex fractures or significant rotator cuff damage. The goal is to enable patients to move their arm more freely and with less discomfort.

The procedure involves removing the head of the humerus (the upper arm bone) and the glenoid cavity (the socket of the shoulder blade). These surfaces are then replaced with prosthetic components, usually made of metal and durable plastic. There are two main types of shoulder arthroplasty: total shoulder replacement, where both the humeral head and the glenoid are replaced, and hemiarthroplasty, where only the humeral head is replaced. The choice between these depends on the specific condition of the shoulder joint.

The surgery is performed under general anesthesia. Following the operation, a period of rehabilitation is crucial for recovery. This typically involves physical therapy to regain strength, range of motion, and function in the shoulder. While shoulder arthroplasty can significantly improve quality of life for many patients, potential risks include infection, blood clots, implant loosening, nerve damage, and stiffness. The success of the surgery is closely linked to diligent post-operative care and adherence to the rehabilitation program.