õigussubjektus

Õigussubjektus refers to the capacity of an entity to have rights and obligations in a legal system. This concept is fundamental to understanding how legal systems function and interact with individuals and organizations. In essence, an entity possessing õigussubjektus is recognized by the law as being capable of participating in legal relationships, such as entering into contracts, owning property, suing others, and being sued.

There are generally two main categories of õigussubjektus: natural persons and legal persons. Natural persons are human beings, and from birth, they possess a basic level of legal capacity. However, this capacity can be limited in certain circumstances, for example, due to age or mental capacity. Legal persons, on the other hand, are entities created by law, such as corporations, foundations, and associations. They are granted õigussubjektus through a formal legal process and can act and be held responsible independently of the individuals who comprise them. The existence and scope of õigussubjektus can vary between different legal systems.