ósæðarbogi

The aortic arch, known in Icelandic as the ósæðarbogi, is the largest artery in the chest and a crucial part of the circulatory system. It originates from the ascending aorta, curves superiorly and posteriorly to form the arch, and then descends as the thoracic aorta. This arching structure is essential for distributing oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

Three major arteries branch off from the superior aspect of the aortic arch. In humans, these are typically the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. The brachiocephalic trunk then further divides into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery, supplying blood to the head, neck, and upper limbs. The specific branching pattern can vary slightly between individuals and across different species.

The aortic arch plays a vital role in regulating blood pressure and flow. Its curvature helps to dampen the pulsatile flow of blood from the heart, ensuring a more continuous and even distribution to the organs. Within the wall of the aortic arch are specialized sensory cells, baroreceptors, which monitor blood pressure and send signals to the brain to help maintain homeostasis. Any abnormalities or damage to the aortic arch can have significant consequences for overall cardiovascular health.