écusson

An écusson is a heraldic charge that takes the form of a shield. It is the primary element within a coat of arms and serves as the surface upon which other heraldic symbols, or ordinaries, are displayed. The shape and proportions of an écusson can vary in different heraldic traditions and historical periods, though it is generally understood to be a shield-like shape. The term "écusson" itself is French, deriving from the Latin "scutum," meaning shield. In English heraldry, the term "shield" is more commonly used, but "écusson" is sometimes employed, particularly when discussing French heraldry. The écusson is a fundamental component of a full achievement of arms, which may also include a helmet, crest, mantling, and supporters. Its design is the core of the armorial display, conveying identity and lineage. The artistry and symbolism contained within the écusson are central to the practice of heraldry.