Útfelépítmény

Útfelépítmény refers to the uppermost layers of a road construction, designed to withstand traffic loads and environmental conditions. It is the part of the road that vehicles directly interact with. Typically, the útfelépítmény consists of several distinct layers, each serving a specific purpose.

The uppermost layer is the surface course, often called the wearing course. This layer is directly exposed to traffic and weather and is engineered for durability, skid resistance, and smoothness. Common materials for the surface course include asphalt concrete or Portland cement concrete.

Beneath the surface course lies the binder course, which connects the surface to the base layers. It distributes the load from the surface course and provides structural support.

Further down is the base course, a thicker layer that plays a crucial role in load distribution and drainage. It typically consists of compacted aggregates like gravel or crushed stone.

Finally, the foundation or subbase layer lies at the bottom, providing additional support and insulation from moisture for the layers above. This layer also helps in drainage.

The design and composition of the útfelépítmény are critical for the road's longevity and performance. Factors such as expected traffic volume, climate, and soil conditions influence the choice of materials and the thickness of each layer. Proper construction and maintenance of the útfelépítmény are essential to prevent premature road deterioration.