þolinn

þolinn is an Icelandic past participle and adjective derived from the verb þola, meaning to endure or tolerate. It describes something that has endured or withstood a test, trial, or hardship. Grammatically it behaves like a participle and agrees with gender and number; the masculine singular form is typically þolinn.

Etymology and cognates: The form comes from Old Norse þola, and the Icelandic suffix -inn is a common past participle ending. The word has cognates across North Germanic languages, including Norwegian tåle and Swedish tåla, and has related forms in English such as thole or tolerate in older usage.

Usage: In both historical and modern Icelandic, þolinn is used to express endurance or tolerance. It can describe weather, conditions, pain, or a person’s fortitude, and it appears in compound adjectives and literary styles to convey that something has withstood strain or hardship. As a participle, it remains distinct from the infinitive þola and from other verbal forms, while sharing that core meaning of endurance.

See also: Icelandic grammar, participles, Old Norse language, north Germanic languages.