ülalkirjeldatud

ülalkirjeldatud is an Estonian word that translates to "described above" or "as described above" in English. It is a common adverbial phrase used in written Estonian to refer back to information that has already been presented in a text. It functions to avoid repetition by pointing the reader to a previously stated detail, concept, or instruction.

The phrase is typically encountered in instructional documents, legal texts, technical manuals, and formal writing where precision and conciseness are important. For instance, if a document lists several requirements and then later refers to a general condition that applies to all of them, it might use ülalkirjeldatud to avoid restating the full list of requirements. The context clearly indicates what information is being referred to.

The etymology of the word can be broken down: "ülal" means "above" or "up" and "kirjeldatud" is the past passive participle of "kirjeldama," meaning "to describe." Thus, "ülalkirjeldatud" literally means "described above." It is a standard and widely understood term within the Estonian language.