überschüssig

überschüssig is a German adjective that translates to "surplus," "excess," "superfluous," or "redundant" in English. It describes something that is more than is needed, wanted, or useful. The term can be applied to a wide range of contexts, from material possessions to abstract concepts. For example, one might have überschüssiges Geld (surplus money) if they have more income than expenses. Similarly, an überschüssiges Teil (a spare part) is one that is kept in reserve, even though it is not currently in use.

In a more figurative sense, überschüssig can refer to something that is unnecessary or even detrimental. For instance, überschüssige Energie (excess energy) in a system might need to be dissipated to prevent overheating. A person might feel they have überschüssige Energie (superfluous energy) if they are bored or underutilized. The concept of redundancy, where something is duplicated unnecessarily, can also be described using überschüssig. The precise English translation often depends on the specific context in which überschüssig is used.