öljanjalostamo

Öljynjalostamo, also known as a refinery, is an industrial plant where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful products such as gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, heating oil, and asphalt. The refining process typically involves several stages, beginning with distillation, where crude oil is heated and separated into different fractions based on their boiling points. These fractions are then further processed through various chemical and physical treatments to remove impurities and convert them into desired products.

Common refining processes include cracking, which breaks down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more valuable ones, and reforming, which rearranges hydrocarbon molecules to improve their octane rating for gasoline. Alkylation and polymerization are also used to create specific types of gasoline components. Desulfurization processes are crucial for removing sulfur compounds, which are harmful to the environment when fuels are burned.

The output of an oil refinery is a range of petroleum products that are essential for transportation, industry, and heating. The specific products and their proportions depend on the refinery's design, the type of crude oil processed, and market demand. Refineries are complex facilities with significant infrastructure, including storage tanks, pipelines, and specialized processing units, requiring stringent safety and environmental controls. The operation of oil refineries is a critical component of the global energy supply chain.