ökozisztéma

An ökoszisztéma, also known as an ecosystem, is a complex network of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment in a particular area. These interactions involve the flow of energy and the cycling of nutrients. The biotic components, or living parts, of an ecosystem include all the plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms present. The abiotic components are the non-living physical and chemical elements such as sunlight, water, air, soil, temperature, and climate.

Ecosystems can vary greatly in size and complexity, ranging from a small pond or a fallen log to vast forests, deserts, or even the entire planet. Within an ecosystem, organisms occupy different trophic levels, meaning they are producers (like plants that make their own food), consumers (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores that eat other organisms), or decomposers (like bacteria and fungi that break down dead organic matter).

The health and stability of an ecosystem depend on the intricate balance between its biotic and abiotic factors. Disruptions to this balance, whether natural or human-induced, can have significant consequences for the entire system. For instance, the removal of a keystone species or the introduction of an invasive species can drastically alter the ecosystem's structure and function. Studying ecosystems helps us understand the interconnectedness of life and the importance of conservation.