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Malic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5. It is a dicarboxylic acid that is naturally found in many fruits, most notably apples, which gives it its name (from the Latin word for apple, "malum"). It exists in two enantiomeric forms, L-malic acid and D-malic acid, as well as a racemic mixture. The naturally occurring form in fruits is primarily L-malic acid.

In the food industry, malic acid is used as an acidulant and flavor enhancer. It provides a tart, crisp taste and is often found in candies, jams, jellies, and beverages. It can also be used to modify the pH of food products. In addition to its presence in fruits, malic acid is an important intermediate in the citric acid cycle, a fundamental metabolic pathway in living organisms responsible for energy production. This biological role means it is present in all living cells.

Malic acid is also utilized in the cosmetic industry for its exfoliating properties. It is an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that can help to remove dead skin cells, promoting smoother and brighter skin. It is found in various skincare products like cleansers, toners, and peels. In some industrial applications, it is used as a metal cleaner and a tanning agent.