állítmányok

Állítmányok are a fundamental concept in Hungarian grammar, referring to the predicate of a sentence. The állítmány is the part of the sentence that states something about the subject, indicating its action, state, or characteristic. In Hungarian, the állítmány is typically expressed by a verb or a noun/adjective phrase.

When the állítmány is a verb, it usually appears at the end of the sentence in declarative statements. For example, in the sentence "Én olvasok," the verb "olvasok" (I read) is the állítmány, describing the action of the subject "én" (I).

However, the állítmány can also be a noun or an adjective, especially in sentences describing a state or identity. In such cases, a form of the verb "lenni" (to be) is often implied or explicitly stated. For instance, "Ő orvos" (He is a doctor) has "orvos" (doctor) as the állítmány, with the verb "van" (is) understood. If the verb is explicitly present, the sentence might be "Ő orvos van," though this is less common in standard speech.

The type of állítmány can significantly influence sentence structure and meaning. Understanding the role of the állítmány is crucial for constructing grammatically correct and meaningful sentences in Hungarian. It answers the question of what the subject is doing or what its state or identity is.