Õigussubjekuse

Õigussubjektsus refers to the capacity of an entity to have rights and obligations within a legal system. This concept is fundamental to law, as it determines who can participate in legal relationships, enter into contracts, own property, sue, and be sued. There are two main types of õigussubjektsus: füüsiline õigussubjektsus and juriidiline õigussubjektsus.

Füüsiline õigussubjektsus is possessed by natural persons, meaning individual human beings. From birth, a person generally acquires the capacity to hold rights and bear obligations, though the extent of this capacity can be limited by age or mental capacity in certain legal contexts.

Juriidiline õigussubjektsus is granted to artificial entities, such as corporations, foundations, associations, and state institutions. These entities are created by law and, although not living beings, are recognized by the legal system as having distinct rights and obligations separate from their members or founders. The acquisition of juriidiline õigussubjektsus typically occurs upon registration or other legally prescribed procedures. The existence and termination of õigussubjektsus are governed by specific legal provisions.