Ónæmissvari

Ónæmissvari is an Icelandic term that translates to immune response or immune reaction. It refers to the complex series of biological processes that occur when the body's immune system detects and defends itself against foreign invaders such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or other pathogens. This response is crucial for maintaining health and preventing illness.

The immune system is composed of various cells, tissues, and organs that work together to identify and neutralize threats. When a foreign substance, known as an antigen, enters the body, the immune system is activated. This activation can trigger both innate and adaptive immune responses. The innate immune system provides a rapid, non-specific defense, while the adaptive immune system develops a more targeted and memory-based response over time.

Key components of the immune response include the production of antibodies, which are proteins that bind to specific antigens, marking them for destruction. Immune cells like lymphocytes (B cells and T cells) and phagocytes play vital roles in recognizing, attacking, and clearing pathogens. Inflammation is also a common characteristic of an immune response, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which helps to isolate and combat infection. The efficiency and effectiveness of the ónæmissvari are critical for survival and can be influenced by factors such as genetics, nutrition, and exposure to various environmental agents.