zpsobenými

Způsobenými is the instrumental plural form of the Czech past passive participle způsobený, from the verb způsobit (to cause). It functions as an adjective and agrees with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case. In sentences such as škody způsobenými havárií (damages caused by the accident) or poškození způsobenými chybami (damage caused by errors), způsobenými denotes that the noun’s effect or category was produced by a preceding factor.

Usage and context: The form is common in formal, technical, or legal language when describing effects, damages, or outcomes that were brought about by other events or agents. It can modify masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns in plural instrumental, and it appears frequently in phrases that attribute causation to a preceding circumstance or action.

Orthography and variants: The non-diacritic string zpsobenými is not standard Czech orthography. The correct form is způsobenými (or způsobenými, depending on the exact root form) with diacritics. In non-diacritic texts, diacritics may be omitted, but způsobenými is the proper spelling in standard Czech. The diacritic marks help distinguish this form from visually similar sequences and are important for correct pronunciation and grammar.

Etymology: The word derives from způsobit, a Czech verb meaning to cause or to bring about. The participle způsobený (caused) combines with the instrumental plural to describe things caused by specific factors in plural contexts.